Course Title: Speech Anatomy and Physiology - SPA 3101

Instructor: Dr. W.S. Brown, Jr.

Credits: 03 Semester Hours

Catalog Description: An introduction to elementary anatomy, physiology and neurophysiology of the speaking mechanism.

Text: Willard Zemlin, Speech & Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology, Prentice Hall, (3rd edition), Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1981).

Supplementary Materials:

• J.C.B. Grant, An Atlas of Anatomy, by Regions - (Available at Medical Center Library & Reference Room at Library East).
• J.C.B. Grant, Dissector (Medical Center Library only).
• Henry Gray, Anatomy of the Human Body, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia (1958).
• John Palmer, Anatomy for Speech and Hearing, Third Edition, Harper & Row, New York (1965).
• Frank Netter, M.D., CIBA Collection: Nervous System (On reserve at Medical Center Library).
• Eileen and W.R. Zemlin, Study Guide/Workbook to accompany, Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology, Stipes Publishing Co., Champaign, IL.

GENERAL OUTLINE OF THE COURSE( tentative dates)

• August 24: Introduction to the course
• August 24-26: Orientation to the Study of Anatomy & Physiology Basic Tissues & Terms; Text pp. l- 32
• Aug 31-Sept 9 :Respiration (Anatomy); Text pp. 33-74
• Sept 14-21: Respiration (Physiology); 74-98
• Sept 23: TEST -- Respiration
• Sept 28-Oct 7: Larynx (Anatomy); Text pp. 99-134
• Oct 12-19: Larynx (Physiology); Text pp. 134-192
• Oct 21 TEST: Larynx
• Oct 26-Nov 9 :Articulation (Anatomy); Text pp. 193-288
• Nov 16-23: Articulation (Physiology); Text pp. 288-313
• Nov 30 TEST: Articulation
• Dec 2-9: Nervous System; Text pp. 315-405
• FINAL EXAMINATION - (Saturday, Dec. 14m, 1993, 5:30-7:30)

Paper:

• A research paper discussing any five (5) articles or discussions dealing with a topic of normal anatomy and/or physiology related to one of the physiological systems covered.
• Specifically, you should read the five (5) articles and then, in your own words, express the overall intent of the articles and what you believe you gained from reading them - do this in a page or two.
• Absolutely no abnormal anatomy or physiology - all articles should be related to normative function.
• Also, please give full reference to the papers you read and cite, i.e., authors name, title of article, journal, volume, pages and dates.

EXAM # 1: One-fifth of final grade

EXAM # 2: One-fifth of final grade

EXAM # 3: One-fifth of final grade

FINAL EXAM: Two-fifths of final grade

Paper: No credit, but must be completed to receive grade in course.

DETAILED OUTLINE OF COURSE:

I.Orientation to the Study of Anatomy and Physiology

A.Basic Terms and Definitions

B.Basic Tissues
1. Connective Tissue (Bones and Cartilage)
2.Muscle Tissue
3.Nervous Tissue

C.Basic Organs and Systems

II.Respiration (Anatomy)

A.Lower Respiratory System
1.Trachea
2.Lungs
3.Thoracic Cavity

B.Skeletal Framework
1.Pectoral and Pelvic Girdle
2.Vertebral Column
3.Rib Cage

C.Muscles of Inhalation
1.Diaphragm
2.Pectoralis Major and Minor
3.Serratus Anterior/Posterior Superior
4.External Intercostals
5. Costal Levators
6.Scalenes
7.Sternocleidomastoid

D.Muscles of Exhalation
1.Abdominal Muscles
2.Internal Intercostals
3.Serratus Posterior Inferior
4.Latissimus Dorsi

III.Respiration (Physiology)

A.Boyle's Law

B.Lung Volumes and Nomenclature

C.Speech Breathing
1.Muscle Dynamics (Respiratory Control and Phrasing)
2.Aerodynamics (Air Flow/Air Pressure)
3.Frequency and Intensity Control

IV.Larynx (Anatomy)

A.Skeletal Framework
1.Thyroid Cartilage
2.Cricoid Cartilage
3.Epiglottis
4.Arytenoid Cartilages
5.Corniculate and Cuneiform Cartilages
6.Membranes and Ligaments

B.Laryngeal Musculature
1.Vocal Folds
Thyroarytenoid Muscle
2.Vocal Fold Abduction
Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle
3.Vocal Fold Adduction
Lateral Cricoarytenoid Muscle
Interarytenoid Muscles
4.Vocal Fold Lengthener
Cricothyroid Muscle

V.Larynx (Physiology)

A.Bernoulli Effect -- Vocal Fold Vibration

B.Myoelastic-Aerodynamic Theory
of Vocal Fold Vibration

C.Vibratory Dynamics
1.Glottal Phases (Quotients)
2.Vertical/Horizontal Displacements

D.Fundamental Frequency Characteristics

E.Vocal Registers

VI.Articulation (Anatomy)

A.Skeletal Framework
1.Cranial Bones (Skull)
2.Facial Bones (Maxilla, Mandible, Nasal Septum)

B.Articulators (Muscles and Hard Structures)
1.Static Articulators
Teeth
Hard Palate
2.Dynamic Articulators
Muscles of the Face
Muscles of the Tongue
Muscles of the Mandible
Muscles of the Velum
Muscles of the Pharynx

VII.Articulation (Physiology)

A.Consonant/Vowel Classifications

B.Articulatory Dynamics
1.Consonant Muscle Groups
2.Vowel Muscle Groups

C.Coarticulation

D.Theories of Articulation (Open versus Closed Loop Theory)

VIII.Nervous System

A.Basic Terms

B.Neuroanatomy
1.Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and Spinal Cord
2.Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Cranial and Spinal Nerves

C.Neurophysiology
1.Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
2.Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
3.Motor Neuron and Neural Transmission
4.Function of Cranial Nerves
5.Function of Spinal Nerves.