E. A. Burtt, The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science.
Herbert Butterfield, The Origins of Modern Science
Alan Debus, Man and Nature in the Renaissance.
Edward Grant, Physical Science in the Middle Ages.
G.E.R. Lloyd, Aristotle: The Growth and Structure of His Thought.
Carolyn Merchant, The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution.
Londa Schiebinger, The Mind Has No Sex?: Women in the Origins of Modern Science.
Stephen Shapin, The Scientific Revolution

Most innovatively, this course makes available primary source materials on the WWW, most notably English Books On-Line (EEBO) and the astonishing French site, GALLICA. Other electronic sites will also be provided. To start, students are encouraged to spend time at my 'Search Site' to become familiar with related Library Resources, Search Engines, and Primary Source Sites. Further particulars will be discussed in class.

1. Attendance is mandatory; completion of corrolated readings (prior to the lecture) and comprehension of lecture material is required. Please note that the Study Guide is self-paced; students are expected to follow the topic content and study materials appropriate to the lectures and the required readings. All requirements must be met to complete the course and receive class credit.
2. Participation in class discussion and activities is expected; there may be unannounced quizzes and attendance may be monitored {Approximately 20%}
3. Mid-Term Exam: Wednesday, 20 February (30%). Written in-class 'Blue-Book' Essay Exam. Please see the WebSite for guidelines and suggestions in preparing for this exam. How to take a Blue-Book Exam.
4. Take-home Essay: Nota Bene: Due 12.00 Noon, Monday, 29 April in Main History Department Office (025 Keene-Flint Hall). The Take-Home Essay (c. 50%) is a written take-home essay limited to 1000 words, the equivalent of five {5} typed pages, double spaced, typed {No Binders Please: Kindly Staple Securely}. Please see the WebSite for suggestions in preparing and writing this essay. Students should retain a photocopy of their work for backup purposes. If you wish to have your essay returned, kindly supply a large manilla envelope (9x12) with the appropriate postage and address, and I will return your essay and final course grade by post. Essays will not otherwise be retained or returned.
5. Optional Term Papers: 15-page research essay; due no later than 12.00 Noon, Friday, Week XIV. The optional paper provides extra credit and can add as much as one letter to the final course grade. The paper is non compulsory; no one is penalized for not choosing this option. The Optional Term Paper allows interested students to pursue a course topic in greater detail or to identify an area not treated in this general survey course. As a practical matter, students should consider carefully if they have sufficient time to do a proper job. The Optional Paper should represent a solid and rewarding effort. It is possible that time would be better directed to the required readings. Required reading increases in quantity, subtlety, and significance as the course concludes. In all cases, the topic for the Optional Term Paper must be approved by the instructor. Please consult the Study Guide and thisWebSite for further details regarding topic selection, approval, submission dates, bibliography, and suggestions about research and writing. As always, students should take advantage of Office Hours for discussion and consultation.

WEEK I: 8-11 January

W- F:   Plotting Our Course
Egyptian and Babylonian Science: A Sketch
Readings: Kuhn, Copernican, Foreword; Begin Toulmin, Introduction & Chap. 1; Acquaint yourself with all required books. Lindberg, Chapters 1 & 2; Visit WebSite. Begin with Teaching Resources; then read: Undergraduate Guide to the History of Science.
NB: The Study Guide is self-paced by topic: RRSR {Read, Review & Study Regularly}: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Science, Myth, Language 

WEEK II: 14-18 January

M-W-F:   Early Greek Cosmology: The Pre-Socratics
Readings: Toulmin, Chapter 2; Lindberg, Chapter 2, continue;
Continue WebSite Teaching Resources & Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Truth & Reality?

WEEK III: 23-25 January (No Class Monday: MLK Birthday)

W-F:   Aristotle: The Aristotelian Synthesis
Readings: Lindberg, Chapter 3; Toulmin, Chapter 3; Kuhn, Copernican, Chapter 1-2.
Continue WebSite Teaching Resources & Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Aristotle vs. Plato 

WEEK IV: 28 January - 1 February

M-W-F:   Ptolemy & the Almagest (Mathematical Synthesis) -- {slide show}
Readings: Toulmin, Chap. 3 & 5; Kuhn, Copernican Chap. 2; Lindberg, Chapter 5
Finish WebSite Teaching Resources & Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Astronomy & Cosmology

WEEK V: 4-8 February

M-W-F:   From Ancient to Medieval Science: An Overview (film)
Readings: Lindberg, Chapters 8 & 9; Toulmin, Chap. 6.
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Transmission Problems

WEEK VI: 11-15 February

M-W-F:   Medieval and Renaissance Astronomy
Readings: Kuhn, Copernican, Chapter 4; Lindberg, Chapters 11, 12, 14.
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

REVIEW SESSION - Come prepared for Q&A & Review Discussion.
Again: Please see WebSite guidelines to prepare for this exam. How to take a Blue-Book Exam.
Discussion Topic: Discussion REVIEW: Review All Required Texts; Review All Notes.

WEEK VII: 18-22 February

M: NO CLASS: Study Time: Again: Please see the WebSite for guidelines and suggestions in preparing for this exam. How to take a Blue-Book Exam.

W: MID-TERM EXAM: Wednesday, 20 February {Bring Blue Examination Booklet(s)}

F: NO CLASS: Readings: Review & study readings and notes; Review future Readings; Continue Toulmin; Begin Henry.

WEEK VIII: 25 February - 1 March

M- Return and Review Mid-Term Examinations (Attendance Strictly Mandatory)

W-F:   The Scientific Revolution: A Portrait {slides}
Readings: Toulmin, Chapter 7; Begin J. Henry.
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide;
Read: Hatch - The Scientific Revolution: Paradigm Lost?
Begin: Hatch - The Scientific Revolution HomePage

Discussion Topic: Continuity, Revolution; Internal, External

WEEK IX: 4-8 March: No Class (Spring Break: 2-9 March)

WEEK X: 11-15 March

M-W-F   Copernicus & the Copernican Disturbance {Gee Nick! No Revolution?}
Readings: Review Lindberg, Chapters 11 & 12; Kuhn, Copernican, Chapter 5 (again); begin Chapter 6; Continue J. Henry. Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide; then Read & Review: The Big Guys - The Scientific Revolution

Discussion Topic: Revolutionary Points of Detail

WEEK XI: 18-22 March

M-W-F   Tycho Brahe, Observer, Cosmologist & Bon Vivant
Readings: Kuhn, Copernican, Chapter 6; Continue J. Henry;
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide
See: Hatch - The World Systems
See: Tycho Brahe - Official Site

Discussion Topic: World Systems, Birds, Rabbits, etc.

WEEK XII: 25-29 March

M-W-F   Kepler & the New Astronomy {A Keplerian Revolution?}
Readings: Westfall, Chapter 1; Continue J. Henry;
Visit & Study: Hatch: The World Systems & Kepler's 'Laws'
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Were These Guys Geniuses?

WEEK XIII: 1-5 April

M-W-F   Galileo & the New Astronomy {A Galilean Revolution?}
Readings: Reread: Kuhn, Copernican, pp. 117-118, 219-226;
Toulmin, Chapter 8; Kuhn, Copernican, Chapter 7;
Continue J. Henry; Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Visit & Study: The Galileo Project
Discussion Topic: Metaphysics, Method, and Experiment 

WEEK XIV: 8-12 April

T7 Ismaël Boulliau {A Copernican Synthesis?}
Readings: Begin Westfall, Chapters 1 & 2; Begin Kuhn, Structure.
Web-Bio, Ismael Boulliau
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: The Geometrical Spirit and Mechanical Worldviews

R 7-8 Descartes & the Mechanical Philosophy [The Cartesian Synthesis]
Readings: Westfall, Chapter 2 & 3; Toulmin, Chapter 9; finish J. Henry.  Web-Bio
Finish Kuhn, Structure. Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: The Mechanical Philosophy

WEEK XV: 15-19 April

T7   Isaac Newton & the 'Newtonian Synthesis'
Readings: Toulmin, Chapter 9-10; Westfall, Chapters 7 & 8; 
Web-Bio(s), Hatch - Sir Isaac Newton;
Re-read Kuhn, Structure {then re-think Kuhn's Structure}.
Continue: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide

Discussion Topic: Mechanism, Materialism, Force--action-at-a-distance - How does Kuhn fit here?

WEEK XVI: 22-24 April (Classes End Wednesday, 24 April)

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions: Of Birds, Rabbits, & Other Living Things...
Readings: Review all Readings and Lecture Notes
Review: Hatch - History of Science Study Guide
Remember the Beginning: 'What is Expected - What do I Need to Know?' - A Fair Question!
Discussion & Review: Toward Synthesis and or Revolution or and / - = . .